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Understanding the various existing concepts and types of Artificial Intelligence is fundamental to staying up-to-date in a universe that is constantly evolving. As a consequence of digital transformation, one of the main trends is the increased use of AI, both industrially in large companies and in the daily lives of each of us. Very few people know that Artificial Intelligence, in theory, can be divided into several types, and that there are mainly two main categorization types based on the capabilities and functionality of the AI. There are three main types of Artificial Intelligence referred to as Weak or Narrow AI, General AI, and Strong AI. In addition to these nomenclatures, there are four other types of Artificial Intelligence: Reactive Machines, Theory of Mind, Limited Memory, and Self-Awareness. These are divided based on their capability and working principle. We will discuss more about these various types of Artificial Intelligence below. Come with us! READ ALSO: • Learn all about computer vision
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Type-1 Artificial Intelligence: based on capabilities
What is Narrow Artificial Intelligence?
This is one of the most common types of Artificial Intelligence that we can use in conjunction with Computer Vision and Machine Learning. Basically, it has the ability to perform any dedicated task with intelligence, but with a certain specificity: these machines are trained to perform a single specific task at a time. It cannot perform tasks beyond its limitations. If it exceeds its limits, it may end up failing or causing problems in its respective tasks. Because of this, Narrow AI is also known in the scientific world as weak AI. Some examples of narrow (or weak) AI are: speech recognition, image recognition, playing chess, checkers or any game, self-driving cars, etc. Narrow Artificial Intelligence is an intelligent process that represents all existing AI. This also includes even the most complex and capable Artificial Intelligence that has ever been built to date. Furthermore, ANI (Artificial Narrow Intelligence) refers to AI systems that can only perform a specific task autonomously using human-like abilities. These devices perform nothing more than what they were programmed to do. Therefore, they have a very narrow range (hence the naming) of competencies in today's industry. According to the official classification system, these devices correspond to all current reactive and limited memory Artificial Intelligence. Even the most complex AI that uses Machine Learning and deep learning to teach itself falls, in a way, under this type of AI.
Artificial general intelligence?
This type of intelligence is built to perform any task with intelligence similar to that of a human being. Still, there is a debate among researchers in Computer Science and Mathematics that such a system has not yet been built today. Most researchers in universities and research centers around the world are working to develop these types of machines that can function like humans. The goal is to build machines to think as intelligently as a human thinks, combined with performance far beyond expectations. These systems will contain multi-functional capabilities across various domains, and will be able to multi-task in a way never before imagined in the history of technology. Currently, there is still no real-world example of this type of system. However, there is much progress in its research and development, which should still take some time to be completed, as developing such types of Artificial Intelligence is a very complex task. AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) is the capability of the AI agent to learn, recognize, understand, and function independently, seeking to resemble humans. These systems will be able to independently develop different skills, such as building links and making domain-specific statements across the Web, for example. In addition, there is a massive reduction in the training time previously required in this development. This will make Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems as capable as humans, replacing many of their functional capabilities.
What is Artificial Superintelligence?
An Artificial Superintelligence (ASI) is a high-level intelligence system. Machines built with this capability can perform beyond human intelligence. They could think much better than humans in terms of designing and solving any complex task involving reasoning capacity, puzzle-solving, mathematical skills, constructed logic, etc. Their greatest differentiator would be the ability to make self-constructed moral judgments and communicate well. It is a high-end concept that would completely change human civilization, since machines at this stage of development would be capable of obtaining their own consciousness, thereby altering all of human civilization's life. The development of an ASI will probably mark the peak of AI research, making it the most capable form of intelligence on Earth. Furthermore, a Super AI will have a duplicated intelligence compared to humans, being extremely better at everything it does. This is because it will possess greater memory, faster processing, and quicker data analysis, which will consequently bring faster and more effective decision-making. In addition, the development of a Super AI will lead to a concept more popularly known as technological singularity. And, while the possibility of having such powerful systems at our disposal seems appealing, we must consider that these devices could also threaten our existence or, at the very least, our way of life.
Type 2 Artificial Intelligence:
Based on functionality
In addition, there are four different types of Artificial Intelligence based on how the machines work. These are different from the types above. Let's understand better below:
Reactive machines
These machines are the basic types of Artificial Intelligence that do not store memory. They work based on current events and can react well according to the problem. Due to the lack of ability to use previous experience, they discard information previously contained to obtain better and more updated results. IBM's Deep Blue system and the AccuWeather weather information system are some examples of reactive machines. Deep Blue, for example, is a chess-playing computer. It can identify different pieces on the chessboard and also tracks moves. This machine identifies its own and its opponents' moves, thus being able to select the best move and play as well as or even better than a chess champion. Furthermore, it does not have the ability to review previous moves due to the limited memory contained within it.
Theory of mind
This type of AI machine can think like a human and understand emotions and beliefs. AI based on Theory of Mind must understand human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to interact socially with humans. These types of AI machines are still under research and might be deployed soon. Based on the understanding of human minds, artificial intelligence can modify its own responses. For example: let's take a robot as a prototype. It can identify the movements of other robots. If we place a robot at the entry gate of a factory that has other robots, it will look at the others approaching. It will observe the movements and can turn accordingly to avoid collisions. Here, the robot uses its common sense just like human beings. This will change the future of artificial intelligence with new developments.
Limited memory
These types of AI machines are capable of storing past data for a short period. These can function based on past information stored in their memory. For example, self-driving cars can store this type of memory. In addition, they can remember the details of the last trip, such as the car's speed, the car's GPS location, etc. It also remembers the distance of cars on the road, route navigation, etc. Basically everything a human does. Furthermore, it can guide humans to drive in the correct way to avoid accidents.
Self-awareness
This type of AI machine is the future of artificial intelligence. They will include self-awareness, advanced logical reasoning, etc. They can think beyond human memory. These machines, which are allied with the Super AI properly explained in Type-1, are still under development and require a lot of effort and money. In addition, scientists consider this a hypothetical task, after all, these types of machines need a lot of intelligence to be built.
Artificial Intelligence methods and techniques
There are some types of Artificial Intelligence techniques. These techniques are divided based on the machine's capability. Such as: • Support vector machines
• Natural language processing
• Heuristics
• Artificial neural networks
Support vector machines These machines follow Machine Learning algorithms. They are used for classifying questions. This technique is useful for face recognition, image recognition, etc. It is also useful for text recognition purposes. For example, it is useful for classifying emails as primary, social, promotions, etc.
Natural language processing
This type of technique is useful for understanding human language. Using this technique, a computer can interpret and manipulate natural human language. Furthermore, it is most useful in speech recognition.
Heuristics
Heuristics is one of the popular Artificial Intelligence methods or techniques. This method is useful for solving complex problems that a classical method or technique cannot solve. It learns from past experiences and performs well. Furthermore, this is the most basic AI technique.
Artificial neural networks
ANNs work based on the nodes from which they are built. These are inspired by natural neural networks, such as neurons. Neurons help living organisms transmit and process any information. These networks help identify patterns from different data sources. Furthermore, it uses different learning techniques such as; Deep learning, supervised learning, reinforcement learning, etc.
Conclusion
Pix Force develops business solutions involving Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision applied to our clients' needs. In today's world, major decisions applied to business require decision-making to be swift. AI can make this possible by applying different methods and techniques for decision-making. Furthermore, Pix Force also provides digital assistance with AI for various organizations that perform very large tasks daily, contributing directly to creating the latest innovations that help enterprise solutions perform smoothly and quickly. AI enables automation in repetitive tasks that significantly impact various areas. Such as communication, transportation, consumer goods, and service-based industries. In addition, it leads to a higher production rate and also increases productivity, minimizing the time required in production. This makes the use of AI more efficient with the use of raw material, product quality, etc. Want to know how Pix Force can help your company? Then click here !
Fabio Caraça
Fábio Caraça is the Chief Growth Officer at Pix Force. He leads Pix Force's transformation into a scalable SaaS operation, combining strategic vision, culture, and high-impact execution.
